Kerala is a state in southern India bordered by the Malabar coastal plain. Neighboring the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, it constitutes a renowned beach destination in Asia. White sandy beaches of Marari, lakes and lagoons stretching endlessly, fishing villages nestled under palm trees… The striking beauty of Kerala is itself an invitation to travel. Its coastline, lined with hotels, restaurants, and holiday resorts, meets all the expectations of a seaside destination. A piece of land swallowed by jungle and dense forests, Kerala attracts wildlife and flora enthusiasts through its vast network of protected areas. Its Ayurvedic centers are recognized for their rejuvenating treatments. Discover all you need to know about this Indian state in this guide.

History

Kerala's history as an Indian state began on November 1st, 1956, nine years after the collapse of the British colonial empire. However, the origins of Kerala's settlement date back to the 3rd century BCE. The region witnessed the birth of the "Nazarene" movement in Asia, following the evangelization campaigns of the apostle Thomas around 50 CE.

During the Middle Ages, Kerala was an active port of the spice trade. Its location on the Arabian Sea made it a bridge between Mediterranean Europe and the Far East. The Maharajas and Zamorins of Calicut maintained commercial ties with Persians and Arabs.

In 1498, Vasco da Gama traveled to Kerala on orders from the Portuguese government with the objective of dismantling the Arab monopoly on the spice trade. The appetite for natural resources led members of colonial powers, particularly the English, the Dutch, and the French, to establish trading posts on the Malabar coast.

In 1503, the first Portuguese fortress was erected in Cochin (Kochi), marking the beginning of a long period of European influences on Kerala. In 1725, the city was sacked by Haidar Ali, a sovereign of the kingdom of Mysore. It was completely restored in 1792, when the British East India Company succeeded in imposing its sovereignty. Kerala then became part of the Madras Presidency under British control.

Today, a Highly Appreciated Travel Destination in India

Kerala is today one of the most visited tourist destinations in India. Beyond ecotourism in the natural reserves of Thekkady or Eravikulam, the state seeks to position itself in niche markets.

Luxury hotels develop wedding tourism and business tourism, offering a dream tropical setting for exchanging vows or signing contracts. Medical tourism is growing with professional massage centers, frequented by retired travelers seeking to restore their health or rejuvenate themselves. Finally, beach tourism remains a fashionable product on the spectacular beaches of Kovalam or Alappuzha.

Kerala's economy is also based on the agricultural sector and the spice trade. With one of the highest literacy rates across the entire country, it far surpasses the national average of the Indian subcontinent.

The state displays a high concentration of population, with a large number of inhabitants per square kilometer. The political capital of Kerala is Thiruvananthapuram, called Trivandrum during the colonial era. However, its largest agglomeration is Kochi.

What to See and Do in Kerala?

Reasons to travel to Kerala lie in the attractiveness of its natural environment, with cruises on the backwaters and stays in its mountain stations leading the list of most sought-after experiences. Furthermore, its kilometers of sandy coasts delight boaters and water sports enthusiasts. Here are the best tourist destinations in Kerala and their attractions:

1. Kochi

Marked by Portuguese, Dutch, British, and Jewish influences, Kochi is a former port city with a cosmopolitan past. The number one attraction in the city is its historic heart: the Fort Kochi district. This area is famous for its Chinese fishing nets, colonial mansions, and artistic atmosphere. During your wandering through Jew Town, don't miss visiting the magnificent Mattancherry Palace and the elegant Paradesi Synagogue.

Kochi will also amaze you with its Kathakali performances, a local form of theater combining dance, music, costumes, and makeup. Not to mention its spice markets and contemporary galleries.

2. Alappuzha (Alleppey) and the Backwaters

Capital of the backwaters, a network of navigable waterways comprising canals and lagoons bordered by rice paddies and coconut palms, Alappuzha is famous for its houseboat cruises. You can also enjoy the charming Alleppey Beach, with its pier over 150 years old. Temples, historic churches, and the famous Nehru Trophy Boat Race with its snake boats, organized every August, round out the discoveries.

3. Kumarakom

Kumarakom, a peaceful village situated on the shores of Lake Vembanad, is ideal for rejuvenation. Between a stay at a charming hotel on the backwaters, rare bird watching at the bird sanctuary, Ayurvedic treatments, and romantic sunsets, it offers a perfect setting to escape the hustle of tourism.

4. Munnar

Munnar, nestled in the Western Ghats, is a hill station known for its undulating tea plantations and fresh air. The Tea Museum, hikes to viewpoints, and safaris in the Eravikulam National Park, home to the rare Nilgiri Tahr, should also be included in your itinerary.

5. Thekkady and Its Exceptional Nature

Surrounded by lush vegetation, Thekkady is India's largest wildlife sanctuary. This region attracts nature lovers through the Periyar Tiger Reserve, where you can take a boat safari to observe wild elephants, deer, wild boars, water birds, and tigers (though the chance of spotting these felines is slim).

Take advantage of your visit to the region to explore its spice plantations, attend a Kalaripayattu performance (the oldest martial art in the world), and wander through the Kumily markets, rich in local products.

6. Varkala

Varkala is a beach destination perched on a red cliff overlooking the Arabian Sea. It is popular with both local and foreign tourists for its beach (overhung by the cliff), its bohemian cafés, and the Janardhana Swamy temple. Its natural springs and spectacular sunsets make it a relaxing destination.

7. Kovalam

Known for its lively beaches, Kovalam attracts travelers seeking sun and wellness. Relax at Lighthouse Beach, a beach overlooking a lighthouse offering a beautiful view of the coastline, or at nearby Hawa Beach, bordered by coconut palms. Also participate in an Ayurvedic retreat or embark on a catamaran ride. The atmosphere is convivial, perfect for a beach getaway.

8. Thiruvananthapuram

Kerala's capital combines cultural heritage, spirituality, and museums. You will discover the incredible Padmanabhaswamy Temple, dating from the late 17th century and decorated with magnificent murals; the Kuthiramalika Palace, adorned with 122 wooden horse sculptures; and the Napier Museum, a fascinating art and history museum. The city is also the departure point to the beaches of Kovalam and the verdant hills of Ponmudi.

9. Wayanad

Nestled in the hills of northern Kerala, Wayanad is a playground for travelers seeking nature and adventure. The Edakkal Caves house ancient carvings, while the Meenmutty Falls offer a beautiful hike through dense forests and tea plantations. The peak Chembra, the highest in the region, is prized for trekking. Pookode Lake, meanwhile, is conducive to relaxation.

10. Kozhikode (Calicut)

Finally, during your trip to Kerala, don't miss discovering Kozhikode, where Vasco da Gama landed on May 20th, 1498. A historic and culinary city, it was a crossroads of the spice trade. Its lively beach, its Sweet Meat Street full of life, and the Pazhassi Raja Museum testify to its rich past. Nearby, Beypore immerses you in maritime tradition with its handcrafted wooden boats.

Kerala has four international airports: Trivandrum, Cochin, Kozhikode, and Kannur, served by numerous international flights. From France, expect one stopover and approximately 13 hours of flight time. Trains are an excellent alternative for reaching Kerala from other Indian states, particularly via the Konkan line. Inter-state buses also connect Kerala to major cities in South India, though the journey is longer.

Once there, several public transport options (buses, trains, metro) are available. Their efficiency is one of the assets of tourism in Kerala.

What Is the Climate Like in Kerala?

Travelers to Kerala often wonder when the climate is favorable for tourism. Kerala can be visited in any season, but the best period remains November to March, when the climate is mild and dry.

Moreover, this territory has three distinct seasons:

• Summer (April to May): This season is not recommended for vacationing in Kerala. Temperatures are high and not suitable for beach activities.
• Winter (September to March): The majority of tourists schedule their travel during this high season. Thus, it is the ideal season to visit.
• Monsoon (June to September): This is a rainy period, perfect for wellness and Ayurvedic treatments. Onam, the harvest festival, takes place during this season.

What Is the Official Language of Kerala?

In Kerala, the official language and main local language is Malayalam, a Dravidian language closely related to Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu. English is widely used in tourism, education, and business.

What Is the Local Culinary Specialty?

Kerala's cuisine is distinguished by the generous use of coconut, spices, and banana leaves. Among the must-try specialties are sadhya (a traditional vegetarian meal), fish curry in coconut milk, parottas, and Malabar biryani. All are often accompanied by a sulaimani, a spiced black tea.