The name of this city derives from a combination of two words, Chid and Ambaram, which respectively mean 'consciousness' and 'sky'. Chidambaram thus expresses supreme consciousness. The city lies in the south of Tamil Nadu State in India. It appeals especially to travelers seeking an oasis of peace, as evidenced by the Nataraja temple.

History of Chidambaram

Some scholars consider Chidambaram a representative centre of India's cultural heritage in general. Throughout its existence, the city has been marked by rituals and worship, festival traditions, ancient architecture, sculptural art, and more. It is surrounded by beautiful legends, including the dance duel between Shiva and Kali, the discovery of the Tevaram hymns, and Shiva's cosmic dance.

The Nataraja temple, erected in the 12th century, holds an important place in Chidambaram's history. The Chola emperors occupied the site at one time. Between 1130 and 1250, successive kings all contributed to the construction and renovation of this grand monument.

In 1311, during the Muslim conquest of the south, Chidambaram came under attack by Malik Kafur's Khalji troops for a month. Fortunately, their passage caused no considerable damage, save for the plundering of temple offerings.

Visiting Chidambaram

In Chidambaram, the Nataraja temple stands as the unmissable attraction. It immerses you in the heart of the city's past, while dazzling you with a series of beautiful statues and sculptures. Take advantage of your visit to discover the history of the temple's five courtyards. One of them, called Nritta Sabha, houses a chariot carved from a single stone. The Raja Sabha comprises a hall with several grand columns. The Kanaka Sabha, in turn, preserves the sacred figure of Nataraja with its golden roof.

The Nataraja temple features wide streets used by chariots during processions. Built in the 12th century, its enclosing wall represents all the splendor of Chola art, which holds a major place in Hindu religion. The sanctuary contains five halls, including the Chit Sabha or the 'golden hall' which houses a bronze sculpture of Nataraja. This is defined by the priests as the center of the world where Nataraja performed his cosmic dance. The Kanaka Sabha was the chamber where Nataraja would bathe. The Raja Sabha hosted the procession and bathing of Nataraja on the 10th day of the Ani Tirumanjanam and Marghazi festivals.

The city of Chidambaram possesses another great treasure: the Pichavaram mangrove forest. It is the world's second largest mangrove forest. Two estuaries, namely Vellar and Coleroon, enhance the landscape's charm. The site appeals especially to water sports enthusiasts who can indulge in canoeing and kayaking. Boat cruise offers to traverse the waters and tides are available on site. During a boat ride, marvel at nature's spectacle, such as trees rooted in water or the movement of birds.

The Thillai Kali temple located in Cuddalore district is also worth a visit. In this domain established by Chola King Kopperunjingan between 1229 and 1278, you will relive the various legends and tales related to dance. For the record, Thillai Kali was an angry goddess whom Brahma transformed into a more benevolent deity.

Practical Information

Climate in Chidambaram

The city of Chidambaram enjoys a savanna climate with dry winters. For a successful vacation, choose dates between August and December. The rainy season begins around January and ends in March.

You have several transportation options to reach Chidambaram.

By air:

From France, fly to Tiruchirapalli or Chennai airport. From there, rent a taxi or private vehicle to reach the city.

By rail:

Chidambaram is situated on the main Madras–Tiruchirapalli line in the south.

By road:

Local buses prove convenient, if you don't mind being immersed in the local atmosphere. In this part of India, there are non-stop and express bus services.

What to Do?

• Visit Annamalai University
• Pay your respects at the Bhu Varaha Swamy temple in the village of Srimushnam
• Admire the Ilamaiyakkinar temple located west of the city
• Explore the Samadhi of Maraignana Sambandar in Tirukkalani, etc.